Anthrax is one of the oldest diseases of grazing animals such as sheep and cattle, and like the plague in the sixth book of Exodus in the Bible [3]. Anthrax is also from Homer (the Iliad), Virgil (Georgics), and Hippocrates. Infection of humans through contact with infected animals, hides and skins, wool ( “Woolsorter disease”), leather or contaminated soil. Anthrax is now rare in humans, although it is still regularly in ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, wild buffalo and antelope, which behind the well-fermentor as zebras and rhinos and other wild animals like elephants and lions endemic in certain parts the world.

Bacillus anthracis bacteria spores are soil-borne, and because of their longevity, they are still world’s animal and tombs of anthrax-killed animals for many decades, traces are known to have reinfected animals over 70 years after burial sites of anthrax-infected animals were disturbed. [4]

Until the twentieth century, anthrax infections killed hundreds and thousands of animals and people per year in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South Vietnam, especially in the concentration camps during the First World War, and North America. [5] French scientist Louis Pasteur developed the first effective vaccine against anthrax in 1881. [6] [7] [8] With more than a century of animal vaccination programs, sterilization of raw animal waste and anthrax eradication programs in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Russia, Europe and parts of Africa and Asia, anthrax infection is relatively rare in domestic animals is usually only a few dozen cases per year. Anthrax is rare in dogs and cats, there was only one case documented in dogs in the United States in 2001, although the disease affects cattle. [9] anthrax usually do not cause disease in carnivores and scavengers, even when these animals consume anthrax-infected carcasses. Anthrax outbreaks occur in wild animals with some regularity. [10] The disease is in developing countries, without any veterinary or human health risks.

There are 89 known strains of anthrax. The virulent Ames strain, which was used in 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, messages of a majority of the anthrax outbreak. However, the burden is fully developed, but never as a biological weapon during the Second World War, is much more dangerous. The fully (also incorrectly called Vellum) strain was isolated in 1935 from a cow in Oxfordshire, England. This is the same strain used in the Gruinard biological weapons testing. A variant of the fully known as “fully 1B” was during the 1960s in the U.S. and the UK biowapen. Fully 1B was isolated from William A. Boyles, a 46-year-USAMRIID scientist, died in 1951 after it accidentally infected with the trunk fully. Die Sterne strain, named after a South African scientist, is an attenuated strain as a vaccine.